In this case, the portion sizes and the household measures proposed by the apps equaled the ones described in the 24-HRs which were used to quantify the amounts of foods and beverages consumed. This second approach was based on the hypothesis that whoever entering the data was a ‘consumer’ with poor knowledge of the technique of reporting individual food consumption. In conclusion, the selected apps could be a suitable tool for assessing dietary intake.Ī second step was performed using seven out of the twenty 24-HRs recalls selected among those showing energy intakes of the same magnitude comparing the energy intake assessed by Foodsoft 1.0 and the corresponding values obtained through the apps. Good agreement was found between the selected apps and Foodsoft 1.0 (high correlation index), and no significant differences were found in the mean values of energy and macronutrients, except for fat intakes. Energy and macronutrient intake data were compared with Foodsoft 1.0 output. Twenty 24-hour recalls were extracted from the IV SCAI database and inputted into the apps. 415 apps in Google Play and 226 in the iTunes Store were examined, then the following five apps were selected: YAZIO, Lifesum, Oreegano, Macro and Fitatu. The apps considered in this study were selected according to criteria, such as popularity (downloads > 10,000) Italian language input characteristics (daily dietary recording ability) output features (calculation of energy and macronutrients associated with consumption), etc. This study aims to compare the results of nutrition-related mobile apps that are most popular in Italy, with data obtained with the dietary software Foodsoft 1.0, which was recently used in the Italian national dietary survey IV SCAI.

The methods for conducting them are time and resource-consuming, so they are usually carried out after extended periods of time, which does not allow for timely monitoring of any changes in the population’s dietary patterns.

National food consumption surveys are crucial for monitoring the nutritional status of individuals, defining nutrition policies, estimating dietary exposure, and assessing the environmental impact of the diet.

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